CVE-2023-3028 : Security Advisory and Response

This CVE-2023-3028 was published by ASRG on June 1, 2023, revealing a critical vulnerability regarding improper backend communication that allows unauthorized access and manipulation of telemetry data in vehicles.

Understanding CVE-2023-3028

This vulnerability exposes a significant security risk in the MQTT backend of the HopeChart HQT-401 telematics unit, potentially affecting other models as well.

What is CVE-2023-3028?

The vulnerability stems from insufficient authentication in the MQTT backend, enabling attackers to access and manipulate the telemetry data of an entire fleet of vehicles managed by the backend. The backend's lack of authentication allows unauthorized connections, posing a serious threat to data integrity and confidentiality.

The Impact of CVE-2023-3028

The impact of this vulnerability is severe as attackers can exploit the lack of authentication to access sensitive data, including GPS locations, speed, odometer readings, fuel levels, and more. Manipulating data in the MQTT messages can lead to false information being injected into the backend or directly into a vehicle's CAN bus, potentially causing serious safety and security risks.

Technical Details of CVE-2023-3028

This section provides a deeper dive into the vulnerability, including its description, affected systems, versions, and exploitation mechanism.

Vulnerability Description

The core issue lies in the MQTT backend's lack of authentication, allowing unauthorized access and manipulation of critical telemetry data. Multiple vulnerabilities enable attackers to impersonate vehicles or the backend, inject false messages into the fleet's communication, and potentially manipulate CAN bus data.

Affected Systems and Versions

The confirmed affected version is 201808021036, but further versions are also identified as potentially impacted. This vulnerability specifically affects the Hangzhou Hopechart IoT Technology Co., Ltd.'s HQT401 product.

Exploitation Mechanism

Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by leveraging the lack of authentication in the MQTT backend to access and manipulate telemetry data. By sending unauthorized MQTT messages, attackers can inject false information into the fleet's communication channels, posing a significant risk to data integrity and security.

Mitigation and Prevention

To safeguard systems against CVE-2023-3028, immediate steps must be taken, followed by the implementation of long-term security practices and timely patching and updates.

Immediate Steps to Take

Implement proper authentication mechanisms in the MQTT backend, encrypt MQTT messages, and establish secure communication protocols to prevent unauthorized access and data manipulation.

Long-Term Security Practices

Regular security audits, code reviews, and penetration testing should be conducted to identify and address any vulnerabilities in the backend communication infrastructure. Employee training on secure coding practices and data protection is also essential.

Patching and Updates

Stay informed about security updates and patches released by the vendor to address the identified vulnerabilities. Promptly apply patches to secure systems and prevent potential exploitation of the vulnerability.

By addressing these critical security measures, organizations can mitigate the risks posed by CVE-2023-3028 and enhance the overall security posture of their systems and vehicles.